Tuberculosis, the world's deadliest infectious disease, was the focus of a study recently published in the British journal The Lancet, one of the most prestigious publications in the field of public health. The research features the authorship of Professor Anete Trajman, a faculty member of the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Medicine (PPGCM) at the UFRJ School of Medicine, along with other international researchers.
The study highlights the severity of tuberculosis, which surpasses COVID-19, malaria, and HIV in terms of mortality. It is transmitted through the air, making everyone susceptible to infection, with higher risk in areas of high incidence. Factors such as malnutrition, immunosuppression, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes increase the likelihood of disease progression.
Although the main symptoms include cough, fever, and weight loss, tuberculosis can be asymptomatic, requiring a thorough diagnostic approach. Early diagnosis can be achieved through sputum tests, preferably with rapid molecular tests, and imaging exams such as chest X-rays.
The standard treatment generally lasts six months but may be extended in cases of drug resistance. The study emphasizes the importance of person-centered care, addressing disease determinants such as malnutrition and smoking, as well as managing comorbidities like diabetes and HIV. Even after treatment, ongoing patient monitoring is essential due to long-term sequelae.
In terms of prevention, the research stresses the need for rifamycin-based treatments and points out the limited efficacy of currently available vaccines. The study also underscores the importance of continued research to develop shorter, safer treatment regimens and simpler, more accurate diagnostic methods—crucial advances toward the eradication of tuberculosis.
The publication of this study in The Lancet represents a major achievement for the UFRJ School of Medicine, reinforcing its contribution to global science and the fight against tuberculosis.
Congratulations to Professor Anete Trajman and the entire team of researchers involved in this important study.
Read the full article HERE.
